In Surgery, Electrosurgery Is Often Used To Control Bleeding And Rapidly Dissect Soft Tissue12/8/2022 A high-frequency (radio frequency) alternating polarity electrical current is applied during Electrosurgery to biological tissue in order to cut, coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue. One of its advantages is that it allows for precision cutting with little blood loss. In hospital operating rooms or during outpatient treatments, electrosurgical devices are routinely utilised during surgical operations to assist prevent blood loss. An electric current heats the tissue during electrosurgical techniques. Although electrical devices that generate a hot probe may be employed in some situations to cauterise tissue, electrocautery is not the same as electrosurgery.
A probe heated to a high temperature by a direct electrical current is used in electrocautery (much in the manner of a soldering iron). Direct current from dry cells in a penlight-style device may be used to achieve this. Some people use the term "diathermy" to refer to Electrosurgery, but in other instances, the term refers to dielectric heating, which is caused by molecular dipoles rotating in a high frequency electromagnetic field. The utilisation of this effect is most common in tissue ablative devices like microwave ovens, which operate at gigahertz frequencies. In industrial processes, lower frequencies that enable deeper penetration are used. Almost all surgical specialties, including dermatological, gynaecological, cardiac, plastic, ophthalmic, spinal, ENT, maxillofacial, orthopaedic, urological, neuro- and general surgical procedures, as well as some dental procedures, frequently use RF Electrosurgery. Desiccation and coagulation effectively used with electrosurgical forceps cause the blockage of blood vessels and stop bleeding. Although the procedure is officially an electrocoagulation procedure, the phrase "electrocautery" is occasionally used inadvertently, carelessly, and inaccurately to describe it. By linear extension, the vaporisation process can be utilised to transect or cut tissue in addition to ablate tissue targets. While relatively low voltage, continuous or almost continuous waveforms are ideal for the processes of vaporization/cutting and desiccation/coagulation, the process of fulguration is carried out using very high voltage modulated waveforms. In contrast, radio frequency (RF) alternating current is used in Electrosurgery to heat the tissue through RF-induced intracellular oscillation of ionised molecules, which raises the intracellular temperature. Instantaneous cell death happens when the intracellular temperature hits 60 degrees Celsius. When tissue is heated between 60 and 99 degrees C, tissue desiccation (dehydration) and protein coagulation take place simultaneously. The intracellular contents go through a liquid to gas conversion, significant volumetric expansion, and subsequent explosive vaporisation if the intracellular temperature quickly approaches 100 degrees C. A superficial form of coagulation called coagulation is often produced by applying arcs of modulated high voltage current to tissue that is quickly desiccating and coagulating Electrosurgery. The high impedance tissue heats up resistively as a result of the continued application of current, reaching temperatures high enough to promote the breakdown of organic molecules into sugars and even carbon, giving the tissue its black textures from carbonization.
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