Carbon Tetrachloride is a man-made volatile organic chemical that does not occur naturally in the environment. It is used as an industrial solvent and dry cleaning agent. It is also a precursor for chlorofluorocarbon gases used as aerosol propellants. These gases have been decreasing in use as they deplete the ozone layer.
Carbon chloride is a clear, nonflammable volatile liquid with a sweet odor. It was once used as a cleaning agent and as a fumigant to kill insects in grain. These uses have been discontinued as the chemical depletes the earth’s ozone layer. Carbon chloride is still produced as a raw material for the production of chlorofluorocarbons, which are used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. Carbon chloride exposure causes severe damage to organs like the liver and kidney. It can also cause nervous system disorders and cancer. Prolonged exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride can even lead to death. The primary exposure route to carbon chloride is inhalation. It can also be ingested and absorbed through the skin. Inhalation of carbon chloride vapors can cause acute respiratory irritation and damage to the central nervous system. Carbon chloride was once used as a spot remover and as a fumigant to kill grain insects. It also was found in some fire extinguishers made before 1970. Carbon Tetrachloride is heavier than water, so it sinks in lakes and streams and may be present in groundwater systems. It has a one-day health advisory and low mammalmian oral toxicity. The most common effects of carbon chloride include liver and kidney damage. It is converted to a carbene metabolite, which can alkylate renal macromolecules or interact with unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes to initiate lipid peroxidation. It can also cause nerve damage. Carbon Tetrachloride is also known as perchloromethane or tetrachloromethane. It is a volatile compound that evaporates quickly. Carbon chloride was once used as a cleaning solvent, as well as a fumigant to kill insects in grain, and in the production of refrigerants and aerosol propellants. However, its use has been greatly reduced due to its ozone depletion effects. Long-term exposure in humans can result in liver, kidney, and nervous system toxicity. It can also cause cancer in laboratory animals. It is an excellent solvent for NMR spectroscopy. Its use has been superseded by other chlorinated solvents. Carbon Tetrachloride has four chlorine atoms positioned symmetrically in a tetrahedral structure and is non-polar. It is an excellent solvent for soluble oils and fats and can also dissolve iodine. It is also used in the Appel reaction and other reactions in organic chemistry. The compound is sometimes found in the environment as a result of contaminated well water. Several steps can be taken to reduce exposure. These steps include removing household sources of the chemical and ensuring proper ventilation. Sub-slab depressurization systems can decrease the amount of carbon chloride that enters a home through soil vapor intrusion. Carbon Tetrachloride was used in single-use, sealed glass globe fire extinguishers called “fire grenades. These devices were often carried by firefighters and thrown at a fire to stop it. They were commonly used with electrical or liquid fires. It was later replaced with safer fire extinguishers such as tetrachloroethylene. In the early 20th century, a popular brand of these fire extinguishers was called Red Comet. The New York State Department of Health has recommended that people take steps to reduce exposure when indoor levels are above normal. This is especially important for pregnant women and children.
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