Electric Scooters are great for tackling the last mile of a commute, eliminating the need to walk to and from a bus or train stop or pay for gas and parking in a car. However, it is important to research local laws and ride a scooter in a way that is safe.
The battery in an electric vehicle is a pack of individual 18650 Li-ion cells wired together to provide the required voltage and capacity. The cells are monitored and regulated by a battery management system (BMS) to reduce risk and maximize performance. Batteries are rated in watt hours, the amount of energy they can store and deliver over time. A quality battery can usually reach peak performance for 500 full charge cycles. The motor is the part of the Electric Scooter that converts the battery's electric energy into the power that drives the wheels. The power a motor generates is measured in Watts. A higher rated power means that the motor can accelerate faster and carry heavier loads than a lower rated one. Ideally, batteries should be charged to full before first use. This helps to ensure that the chemistry settles and improves cycle efficiency over time. It also helps to prevent a phenomenon called voltage sag which occurs during long rides when the battery’s lithium chemistry tries to catch up with the discharge rate. Allowing the battery to rest after a ride will return it to its true and accurate voltage level. Motors are typically of the hub or gearless variety, and most modern good quality Electric Scooter have brushless DC motors that require no replacement brushes. Most manufacturers list the real and peak power of their motors, as well as their voltage, revolutions per minute or RPM and torque. Foot brakes are hinged fender brakes that are pushed with feet to create friction and slow the rear wheel of the scooter. They are simple, inexpensive, and effective. It can be dangerous if stomped on too hard or moved the rear foot off the deck while braking. Also, if they aren't properly maintained, they can wear out quickly. It is recommended to always ride with a dual brake system on the scooter. Some models have mechanical braking systems as well, like drum or disc brakes that are powered by the scooter's friction with the tire and can be adjusted or replaced when worn out. Most Electric Scooters use disc brakes which consist of a rotor mounted to the wheel and a brake caliper that pinches the brake pads against the rotor. They are effective, have solid braking power, and require less maintenance. The controller is responsible for sending precise amounts of current to other parts of the scooter when the rider sends signals via their throttle or brakes. It regulates power by adjusting the width of pulses to the motor, and it increases speed as the pulses get wider. Controllers also have low-voltage protection to prevent battery from discharging, over-temperature protection to protect the FET power transistors, and over-current protection that limits current to prevent damage to the controller and/or motor. A controller has a combination of sensors, circuits, and firmware that acts as the brain and central nervous system of the Electric Scooter. They take inputs from the battery, throttle, and other components of the scooter, calculates their voltage and amperage, and relays these signals to the rest of the scooter according to specifications. They are usually stored in the deck of the scooter alongside the battery.
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