Seasonal Influenza Vaccines protect against two types of influenza: influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B. Vaccines are available for children and adults. There are three types of influenza vaccines. Each contains different viruses that can cause the disease. A trivalent vaccine contains only influenza A (H1N1) virus while a quadrivalent vaccine contains influenza B viruses from a lineage other than the H1N1 virus.
Children six months to 8 years of age need two doses. They should receive the first dose as soon as it becomes available. Pregnant women during the third trimester can also receive the vaccine. The vaccine is important for those who work in the poultry industry. People working in poultry plants are at increased risk of developing influenza from incubated poultry. However, it is not an effective cure for the disease. Infection caused by poultry can spread throughout the community. The seasonal influenza vaccine may prevent the spread of the disease. The influenza virus causes epidemics worldwide. In temperate climates, it spreads by droplets and aerosols from a person's nose and mouth. HA and NA antibodies reduce the likelihood of infection and reduce the severity of the disease. However, Seasonal Influenza Vaccines must be reformulated every year. Vaccines should be stored at a temperature of +2 to +8 degrees Celsius. They should not be stored in a refrigerator. The storage instructions can be found in individual vaccine product monographs. Vaccines may be given in conjunction with other vaccinations or given alone. Researchers studied two types of influenza vaccines, a conventional shot, and a nasal spray vaccine. The nasal spray vaccine targets the upper respiratory tract, while the conventional shot targets the rest of the body. In adults, influenza vaccines are effective in decreasing the incidence of influenza and related illnesses, such as pneumonia and hospital admissions. The vaccines also reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The evidence for the vaccine is based on clinical trials in healthy children and adults five to eighteen years of age. Seasonal Influenza Vaccines can protect against different subtypes of influenza. There are several different vaccines available, including a quadrivalent inactivated baculovirus (RIV) vaccine. The vaccine contains 45 ug of HA per strain. Those vaccinated should receive the vaccine in a dose of 0.5 milliliters. The vaccine is still undergoing trials to confirm its safety and effectiveness. Several companies are now pursuing clinical trials for influenza vaccines. Moderna Inc. is currently preparing a phase 3 trial in the Southern Hemisphere, while BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced it has received an option to purchase up to 10,000 doses of RAPIVAB. Supemtek(tm) (RIV4) is the first recombinant influenza vaccine to be approved in Canada. It contains 45 ug of HA per strain and is administered in a single dose through an IM injection in adults. Unlike recombinant Seasonal Influenza Vaccines, Supemtek is produced in insect cell cultures, eliminating the need to grow candidate influenza viruses in egg-based cultures. Currently, the CDC provides candidate vaccine viruses to private sector manufacturers for production. These viruses are then inoculated into cultured mammalian cells, where they are allowed to replicate for a few days. The virus-containing fluid is then collected from the cells and purified. After this, the vaccine is packaged for distribution.
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