Artificial Joints must be effective, long-lasting, and resemble real joints as the quality of implanted artificial joints becomes more crucial. The scientists see the development of an artificial joint interface that resembles cartilage in real joints as a key future objective. The authors of this chapter suggested a strategy for reaching this objective by utilising PMPC-grafted CLPE liners.
Since PMPC-grafted CLPE liners exhibit superior lubrication, we anticipate improved clinical outcomes over the long run when using them. The manipulation of the CLPE liner's surface and substrate was done with the intention of achieving high wear resistance, high oxidative stability, and superior mechanical qualities for long-lasting orthopaedic bearings. The construction of a highly hydrophilic and lubricious nanometer-scale modified surface by PMPC grafting, onto the surface of an antioxidative CLPE substrate with vitamin E mixing, is currently the subject of an application research. The PMPC-grafted surface and vitamin E-blended substrate, according to the authors, are potential methods for increasing the durability of THA Artificial Joints. Additionally, the PMPC-grafted surfaces, which have been utilised in earlier medical devices, demonstrate organic anti-adhesive surfaces for bacteria potentially resolving the problem of infection. Further investigation is required to determine whether PMPC-grafted surfaces actually prevent, as the proof for this advantage is yet lacking. Furthermore, a usable, resilient, and all-natural surface would be crucial for biomaterial and bioengineering sciences as well as medical devices like Artificial Joints. For instance, while it is commonly known that articular cartilage's surface is made up of a collagen network, hyaluronic acid, and proteoglycan subunits, its roles have not yet been completely clarified. According to the authors, a bioengineered surface based on a novel biomaterial that resembles a hydrogel would aid in the clarification of the functions. The functions of the articular cartilage surface, such as hydration and lubrication, should also be clarified by biotribological investigations. The authors predict that future research will focus on these kinds of biomaterials and bioengineering surfaces as crucial technologies for joint replacement. The bulk of total joint replacements in recent years have involved metal-on-plastic articulations, despite the fact that Artificial Joints have historically been employed when ivory was used to replace the damaged femoral head. The acetabular component of most joints is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the articular surface of the femoral component is usually made of metal or ceramic. Despite the fact that metal on plastic couplings produce relatively modest frictional torques, the UHMWPE's high wear rate has turned out to be the main issue. The volume, size, and shape of the wear particles that are created, rather than the fact that most joints wear down, more frequently trigger a biological response in the bone that surrounds the prosthesis. As a result of this reaction, there is bone loss or osteolysis. Harder surface combinations, including metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic prostheses, are being reintroduced in an effort to lessen the amount of wear debris. There are two ways that this might happen. First off, harder materials that come into contact with one other produce less wear debris than softer materials do. However, if the surfaces could be designed to be separated from one another by a synovial fluid layer while inside the body, the wear rate may be greatly decreased Artificial Joints. Of course, given that both materials produce higher proportions of debris that is less than 1 m in size, this tells nothing about how metal or ceramic wear debris may affect osteolysis.
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