Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Vaccines are vaccines used to treat or prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus. To date, Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix are three commercially available HPV vaccines in the market. The safety of the all three vaccines has been well studied.
Gardasil 9 is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and can be used for both girls and boys. This vaccine can prevent most cases of cervical cancer if the vaccine is given before girls or women are exposed to the virus. All three HPV infection vaccines has undergone years of extensive safety testing before being licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Vaccines is recommended for routine vaccination at age of 11 or 12 years (vaccination can be started at age 9. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccination for everyone through age 26 years if not adequately vaccinated previously. HPV is viral pathogens. It is different than Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) & Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HPV is a major cause of throat, mouth, anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and cervical cancer. Various strains of HPV plays an important role in causing most cervical cancer. HPV is a viral infection that is passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus infection. Of which, around 40 undergo sexual contact and can affect the throat, mouth, or genitals of a human being. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Vaccines, such as Gardasil 9, is used to treat or prevent vaginal, vulvar, cervical, and anal cancers caused by HPV. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix, tissue that connects the uterus and vagina. The HPV vaccine is often called the 'cervical cancer vaccine'. By getting vaccinated against HPV, one can also help protect other people. The more people who are vaccinated in the community, the less the disease will spread. HPV vaccination is for primary prevention of carcinoma cervix. So far, three Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Vaccines, such as Cervarix (bivalent HPV vaccine), Gardasil (quadrivalent HPV vaccine), & Gardasil9 (9-valent HPV vaccine) have been approved by the U.S FDA. All three HPV vaccines protect against HPV types 16 and 18 that cause most HPV cancers. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two doses of the HPV vaccines are recommended, 6 to 12 months apart. Third dose is needed if the shots are given less than five months apart. However, there are some mild side effects of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Vaccines, such as swelling, redness, or pain in the arm where the shot was given, headache, nausea, dizziness, fever, and muscle or joint pain. HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination at age 11 or 12 years. CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices also recommends vaccination for everyone through age 26 years if not adequately vaccinated when younger. Now, men and women up to age 45 can get vaccinated. US health officials have expanded the recommended age limit for receiving the HPV vaccine to protect against several types of cancer to people in their mid-40s.
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Biosensors are medical devices used to measure chemical and/or biological reactions. They are widely used for various applications such as disease-causing micro-organisms, drug discovery, disease monitoring, and markers that are indicators of the disease in body fluids such as sweat, saliva, urine, and blood.
Immunosensors are also used for medical diagnosis and to identify the function and structure of molecules, such as protein and DNA. They can be used to detect the presence of biological material and identify the various stages of life on the earth. These sensors are used in a variety of applications, ranging from industrial to commercial applications. They are used in semiconductor processes, medical imaging, and biotechnology. Immunosensors have a wide range of applications ranging from clinical through to environmental and agricultural, and are also used in the food industry. They are used to detect the presence or concentration of a biomolecule, a microorganism or a biological structure. Biosensors consist of three parts, such as a reader device, a signal transducer, and a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal. Glucose immunosensors are widely used in clinical applications for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that requires precise control over blood-glucose levels. They are used to detect the presence or concentration of a biomolecule, a biological structure. There are many types of biosensors and each one has its own unique function and application. A rapid development in Biosensors has been observed over the past few years. Technological advances in miniaturization and micro fabrication have resulted in the development of novel bio-recognition molecules and nanomaterials. Moreover, an increase in the interaction between life scientists and scientists has further aided in the development of immunosensors. Each innovation represents exciting new frontier in immunosensors research. Biosensors use biological components to convert a signal into digital information or a measurable response. They typically consist of several parts, including a biological recognition element, a signal transducer, an amplifier, a signal processor, and a display unit. Depending on the type of biosensor, these components may be either numeric, graphic, tabular, or even images. To use a biosensor, the user must first understand how to read the Biosensors output. The most commonly used biosensors are electrochemical devices often used to measure a biological signal. The devices measure changes in resistance or electrical current, or both. The immunosensors also use acoustic waves to detect changes in glucose concentration. The sensors are also called glucose meters, and are used to monitor blood glucose levels. A glucose oxidase enzyme converts glucose into a different type of electrical current. An amperometric detector measures the change in current. Biosensors are being used pervasively in the medical field to diagnose infectious diseases. Glucometer, pulse oximeter, & smartwatches are some examples of biosensors. The technology has several applications not limited to health care. They are vital for drug discovery and disease protection, and can also monitor the quality of the environment, soil, water, and food. In the food industry, immunosensors are used to measure acids, alcohols, and carbohydrates, during quality control processes. They are also used to check fermentation during the production of yoghurt, beer, and soft drinks. Thus, there is an increasing demand worldwide. Workflow Management System is a multidisciplinary which creates, documents, monitors and then enhances upon a series of the steps or the workflow that is needed to finish a particular task or function in a particular time span. The main focus of the Workflow Management Machine is to minimize the steps in the workflow to guarantee the task is finished accurately, constantly and effectively. In the language or term of Workflow Management Machine a trigger initiates a workflow that is stated by the activities need to produce the outcome.
The trigger can occur with an employee, seller, end-user or the client partner whether physically or digitally. Such as an employee requests to be compensated for the travel expenses triggers the sequence of the steps or the workflow that leads to the timely payment to the employee. The Workflow Management System of a company triggers to the onboard or the new hired employees from a series of the activities that lead in their being benefitted by all the advantages, accessibilities and the regulatory needed to their work. It all about being ensured regarding the data that flows and reaches to the correct person at the appropriate time span with the clear signs of which action they are required to take. There are several type of the Workflow Management System and they are basically divided into two parts the sequential or the series workflow and the other one is parallel workflow. The series or the sequential workflow comprises of a series of the steps to be followed sequentially in an order to finish the task. Rules driven workflow is regarded as a subset of this classification since it increases with the sequential path that is based upon which rules are to be triggered. The parallel workflow comprises of a series or a process of the steps which can be handled concurrently to shift the task towards the finish. The loan approval is usually needed in a series workflow where the finish of the step such as the income verification is needed prior to another and can be taken such as the establishment of the credit terms. Employee who is new or the onboarding one is an example of the parallel workflow as the HR can be signing a novel hire for the advantages, IT can be assigning a computer accessibility and the managers could be signing a desk all at a similar time. It is very essential to note that the other classifications do not exist for the workflows. Few sellers label the buckets as a process, case and the project workflow. Others label them into task based request or the transfer workflows. Other comprise of the state machine workflows as the classification though it is much of a modelling style for the workflows that are driven by the event. There are three basic components of the Workflow Management System for the better execution of the task. A Substation Monitoring System can help a utility monitor equipment and other elements in a substation. The costs of a system are determined by its features and complexity. These factors should be weighed against the costs of installing one. For example, standalone systems can be costly to install, and require a dedicated communications network and software infrastructure. Moreover, they require ongoing installation and maintenance, making them unsuitable for small distribution substations.
There are two primary types of Substation Monitoring System, wireless and wired. Wired systems are used in remote locations and can degrade with changing environmental conditions. Wireless solutions have several advantages over wired ones. They require less maintenance and are easier to implement. An electrical equipment condition monitoring system calculates information from sensors deployed in the field and uses this information to predict the need for maintenance. Different types of sensors are used for this purpose, including potential transformers, current transformers, resistance temperature devices, moisture sensors, position sensors, and so on. Data collectors, such as industrial computers or programmable logic controllers, collect data from these sensors. Once this information is processed, it is then sent to the central data concentrator unit. To maintain a safe and reliable power distribution system, it is crucial to regularly monitor transmission lines and electrical substation equipment. Regular monitoring and inspection can help ensure proper functioning of these equipment’s. Simplicity and scalability are the main factors in determining the proper structure of a Substation Monitoring System. The main challenges when designing a system to monitor substations have always been the communication. Not every substation is the same size or importance, and many are located in remote locations. Therefore, there are some key components to consider while designing a system. An effective video monitoring system must communicate with the SCADA system in the control center. It should generate alarms, and alert the operator to investigate. A video system will require a small amount of bandwidth. It can use a common communication path for video data to avoid overwhelming the existing connection. It will also allow operators to remotely monitor video streams. In addition, video analytics can detect problems at remote substations and send alerts to operators. The installation, implementation, and maintenance of Substation Monitoring System can be very expensive. Depending on the number and type of sensors, SMS can be expensive. A system that is compatible with all types of devices and equipment will have a low total cost of ownership. However, if you have multiple substations with varying voltage levels and sizes, SMS may be a good choice. SMS is an inexpensive and efficient solution for a substation communications infrastructure. Early digital technologies were limited in number of data points. The slow data exchange rate and high cost of communication made the collection of large volumes of data from substations impractical. The applications of Substation Monitoring System are becoming increasingly important. These systems use numerous tools and techniques to monitor electrical substations. Designers can effectively transfer customer requirements to the products, resulting in improved quality using this methodology. A proper monitoring system is essential for a utility's core infrastructure. A good monitoring system must be able to protect the substation and the power grid from downtime. It must also be able to prevent unauthorized changes or upgrades, since utilities are natural monopolies and are subject to numerous regulatory bodies and government agencies. Failure to meet these regulations could result in fines that can run into the millions of dollars. A whole Cholesterol Testing Services is also known as lipid panel or the lipid profile it is a type of blood test that is useful in measuring the amount of the cholesterol and the level of triglycerides in the blood. Cholesterol Test Services can assist one to determine the risk of the buildup of the fatty plaques or the deposits in the arteries which can lead to the narrow or the blocked arteries in the whole body or it is simply known as the atherosclerosis.
Cholesterol Testing Services are very essential devices. High cholesterol levels are commonly known as the significant risk factor for the disease of the coronary artery. High cholesterol generally shows no signs or the indications and it neither shows any symptoms or the prodromes. A total cholesterol testing services is made to determine whether the cholesterol is high and is to estimate the threat of the cardiovascular attack and various types of the diseases that are related to the heart and also of the blood vessels. The third one is the high density lipo-protein which is also known as the good cholesterol, as it helps to transfer the bad cholesterol , hence making the arteries open for the smooth regulation of blood freely in the body. The Triglycerides are the type of fat in the blood. When one eats the body converts the calories it do not need into the triglycerides, and they are stored in the fat cells. A total Cholesterol Testing Services comprises of the evaluation of four types of fats in the blood. The whole cholesterol is the sum of the body’s cholesterol content in all. The other one is the low density lipoprotein cholesterol which is also referred to as the bad cholesterol. Too much of the bad cholesterol in the body and the blood leads to the buildup of the fatty deposits in the arteries which gradually decrease the flow of blood. These blocks by the plaques often rupture and also cause heart attack or the stroke. High triglycerides standards are linked with various factors comprising the overweight, consumption of the sweets in a large quantity or the consumption of alcohol in a wider range, smoking and also being desk bound or having the diabetes mellitus with the high levels of hyperglycemia. As per the NHLBI, a person or the individual should check the cholesterol levels initially at the age of 9 to 11 and then it can be performed after a regular interval of five years. The NHLBI states that the cholesterol screening takes place every 1 to 2 years for a male of above 45 to 65 and in women at the age of 55 to 65. People who are aged above 65 are suggested to check the levels of the cholesterol yearly. People who are under the treatment of the high cholesterol need regular cholesterol testing to observe the efficiency of the therapies. There is a slight threat in the Cholesterol Testing Services. One might have soreness over the site where the blood is derived from. The changes in the lifestyle may be helpful for one to be heathier and safe. Peripheral Vascular Devices; Used To Treat Peripheral Arterial or Coronary Arterial Disease7/15/2022 Peripheral Vascular Devices, such as transluminal angioplasty balloon catheter, vascular stents, and aortic stents are some of the most commonly used devices for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. They are used to treat peripheral arterial or coronary arterial disease and also used in the peripheral endovascular and coronary procedure.
PVD is a slow and progressive circulation disorder caused by the spasms, blockage, or narrowing in the blood vessel. It can affect any blood vessel outside the heart, including the veins, arteries, or lymphatic vessels. Peripheral vascular devices help in the treatment of artery blockages and narrowing, particularly in the peripheral vasculature. Peripheral Vascular Devices is a blood circulation disorder that affects millions of people every year. It causes the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain to narrow, block, or spasm. This disease can lead to heart attacks, strokes, circulatory collapse, paralysis, heart failure, and more. However, this disease usually takes years to develop, and it is often not recognized until it's too late. Because of this, it is very important to know what this disease is, how it develops, and what the treatment options are. Symptoms of the peripheral vascular disease usually begin in the neck, wrist, or legs, but may include weakness in extremities, chest pain, dizziness, nausea, frequent lightheadedness, or heart palpitations. Treatment options for the Peripheral Vascular Devices usually include medication, surgery, and alternative treatments. Alternative treatments may include acupuncture, biofeedback, physical therapy, nutrition, homeopathy, and massage therapy. Vascular stents, guidewires, angioplasty balloon catheters, atherectomy devices, aortic stents, chronic total occlusion devices, synthetic surgical grafts, inferior vena cava filters, & embolic protection devices are the most commonly used peripheral vascular devices to treat peripheral vascular diseases. Vascular access devices allow repeated and long-term access to the bloodstream for frequent or regular administration of drugs, such as intravenous antibiotics. Peripheral venous access is indicated for the administration of drugs, fluids, or nutrients when other routes are unavailable. Central venous access is also indicated if peripheral access is not successful or if hypertonic, irritant, or vasoconstrictor solutions are used. Peripheral vascular devices are used to treat variety of diseases such as coronary artery disease, retinopathy, carotid artery disease, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, and peripheral artery disease. These devices are used for different purposes but the stent and balloon catheter are commonly used together. The balloon catheter is used to enlarge a narrow opening or passage within the body, while the stent is used to treat narrowed coronary arteries. Stents are available in many different sizes depending on the need for the patient. A stent that can be used most frequently for this purpose is called a peripheral balloon catheter. A catheter with an inflatable tip which can be expanded especially to hold the catheter in place or expand partly closed or obstructed passage, opening, or vessel called as balloon catheter. Peripheral Vascular Devices are also used to measure the blood flow from arteries and veins. There is an increase in demand for PVD due to its minimally invasive endovascular treatment and rising prevalence of peripheral vascular diseases. Viscosupplementation is a treatment for osteoarthritis that involves injections of a viscosupplementing compound. It is typically considered a last resort after a patient has exhausted all other treatment options. Typically, the treatment involves three to five injections, usually spaced a week apart. Although the injections do not provide instant pain relief, they can offer a significant amount of relief over a two to six week period. Depending on the severity of the condition, additional injections may be required. Viscosupplementation can last up to three months, depending on the patient.
Viscosupplementation is best suited for patients with mild to moderate cases of osteoarthritis, as it helps slow down the progression of the disease while alleviating pain and delaying the need for joint surgery. While it works best for mild to moderate forms of the disease, it can also benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A recent study found that supplementation is safe and effective in knee osteoarthritis patients. Patients who undergo the procedure have significant benefits with regards to pain and function. Compared to placebo patients, Viscosupplementation improved the quality and number of chondrocytes in the joint surface. It also had a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio. The procedure is indicated for osteoarthritis and may be performed as part of an arthroscopic procedure. Some patients experience mild discomfort and pain after the procedure. Others may experience swelling, redness, itching, heat, and rash. In severe cases, patients may experience bleeding or infection, or even allergic reactions. The risk of complications is minimal, however. While there are some risks associated with supplementation, they vary based on the type of treatment and how often the procedure is performed. For patients suffering from osteoarthritis, Viscosupplementation is a relatively new treatment option. This procedure is usually reserved for patients who have failed to respond to conventional treatments, such as knee replacement. The treatment may not be right for every person, however, and doctor may recommend other treatments before moving forward with supplementation. However, if the symptoms of osteoarthritis are severe enough, a knee replacement may be necessary. Osteoarthritis affects the knee joint and causes a decrease in the amount of hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis patients suffer from less hyaluronic acid, which leads to less protection against joint friction and faster joint degeneration. During the treatment, supplementation is used to temporarily lubricate the knee joint and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. As the procedure is minimally invasive, Viscosupplementation is considered a safe and effective treatment for osteoarthritis. While it is most effective for patients suffering from osteoarthritis, other types of arthritis can also benefit from it. However, a small number of patients may experience an allergic reaction or flare-up of their arthritis. The most common side effects are swelling, pain, and stiffness, and it can take a while before a noticeable improvement is visible. Viscosupplementation is a treatment for osteoarthritis that involves injections of hyaluronic acid into the knee joint. Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of the synovial fluid surrounding joints and functions as a shock absorber and lubricant. When the body loses this fluid, it makes cartilage more sensitive to compression and friction. As a result, osteoarthritis patients typically experience increased pain with movement. Surgical Drapes and Gowns are made of cotton or synthetic materials. There are a few advantages and disadvantages to both. One of these advantages is that they protect surgeons against bodily fluids. The downside is that cotton-based textiles have a low porosity, and are therefore suitable for repelling only a small amount of liquid. Therefore, polymers or blended fabrics made of 50 percent cotton and 50% polyester are the ideal option.
Surgical Drapes are used for a variety of medical procedures, including minor surgeries and therapeutic treatments. They are generally made of an absorbent material, so the surgeon can use them to wipe down the operating table and other surgical equipment, including the instruments. Surgical Drapes and Gowns come in both disposable and reusable varieties, with the latter being a more cost-effective option for medical facilities. They also protect surgical staff and equipment in the operating room. They are made of materials that are resistant to fluid spray and are typically durable enough to withstand repeated cycles of resterilization. Surgical drapes come in a wide range of materials, and many types are suitable for the use of various surgical procedures. In low-income and middle-income countries, the availability of Surgical Drapes and Gowns is low. This may be a burden, as disposable gowns generate additional clinical waste. In high-income countries, however, disposable drapes represent a higher financial burden and are not cost-effective. The economics of single-use gowns are not justified by the benefit of preventing SSIs. The selection of Surgical Drapes and Gowns is based on the exposure of the patient to blood and body fluids. For simple and short operations, minimal protective performance surgery clothes are sufficient. However, for long and complex operations, patients are more likely to be exposed to blood-borne virulence factors. Reusable surgical gowns are made of tightly woven textiles, and sometimes combine polyester or chemical treatment. The primary objective of reusable drapes is to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. However, they must also prevent the penetration of liquids. The reusable materials are typically composed of tightly woven textiles, knitted cotton, and polyester. Chemical treatments and lint-free properties are also essential for reusable surgical gowns and drapes. Surgical drapes are important components of a sterile operating room. As well as providing a barrier between patients and the surgical field, they also minimize the risk of bacterial infection and disease transmission. The reusable material should also resist the penetration of liquids, including blood. Its thread density is also important, as it determines the barrier properties of the drape. These drapes are available in two different types: single-use and multiple-use ones. Nonwoven Surgical Drapes and Gowns are more environmentally friendly than reusable ones. They are made of an antimicrobial fabric, which prevents bacterial transfer to the surgical site. A good quality nonwoven drape should be sterile and have good adhesion to the skin. They will last longer and provide better protection against infection. They also help the surgeon clean the skin after surgery, thereby reducing the risk of bacterial infections. Salicylic Acid is a cream or the medicated ointment that reduces the swelling and shrinks the pimples and it also cures other skin conditions by making the skin soft, scaly, loosening dry, or the skin that is thickened so that it falls off or it can be eradicated easily.
There are some ways in which the Salicylic Acid is advised to be utilized. One should follow all things that are mentioned on the product and in case of any queries one can consult the pharmacist or professional expert. Prior to the usage of the product for the initial time one should check if they are allergic to it or not. And to check it one should apply a small amount of the salicylic acid on the spots or the pimple for two three days continuously. If one is allergic towards the ointment than they are suggested to immediately stop the usage of product and get a medical assistance which could help in a proper way to decrease the acne and make the skin clear. And in case if one has no reaction or any rashes and redness after applying the salicylic acid then they can use it as usual. This salicylic acid is just used only on the upper layer of the skin and only for the external usage. Salicylic Acid is of that classification of the medications which is called as the salicylates. When the Salicylic Acid is put on the dermis, the salicylic acid may execute by assisting the skin to shed the dead tissues or cells for the uppermost layer and by reducing the redness and the swelling or the inflammation. This ointment reduces the pimples which are on the skin and it quickens the healing process. One should apply it on the skin to avoid irritation, and this medicine should not be bought in the contact with eyes, mouth, nose, groin or also on any part of the skin that is exposed and may lead the medicine enter into the skin layers deep down such as cuts, or scrapes. And unknowingly if one applies the medicine on a region that is restricted then they are suggested to clean the portion with the cold water and flush the area clearly for around 15 minutes for problem less situation. The Salicylic Acid product is utilized to cure the mild to moderate level of acne. It is utilized in the combination with the other treatments of acne. One should and consult with the doctor or the dermatologist prior to the combination of the acne treatments. If one is utilizing the cream, solutions, lotion or gel, then one can use a thin film of the medication to the portion of the skin which is affected by the acne generally 1 or 2 times in a day or can follow the procedure that is prescribed by the doctor. Once can apply it and then gently wash the affected part and then rub it gently. An important part of the postoperative care process involves pain management. A multidisciplinary team should be assembled to devise the optimal Postoperative Pain Management plan for the patient. Patients with complications and multiple medical problems often need more than one type of analgesia.
There are several factors that affect the postoperative pain. Effective pain management can reduce suffering, improve patient satisfaction and decrease hospital costs. While no single method or regimen is best, there are some common strategies that can help to manage postoperative pain. These strategies include education, patient care, and physician responsiveness. These practices aim to reduce pain and speed recovery. Let's begin by reviewing the major goals of Postoperative Pain Management. In addition to the basic principles, the guidelines also include recommendations regarding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain. Examples of these drugs are acetaminophen, naproxen sodium, celecoxib, and ketorolac. Several different types of NSAIDs are also used for the pain control. Some people may require a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Various medication options are available for managing postoperative pain. Usually, multiple pain-reducing medications are used. The choice of medication and its dosage will depend on the type of surgery and the expected recovery period. Opioids (fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, and oxycodone) diminish the perception of pain. In addition to these, there are local anesthetics. These drugs temporarily reduce sensation and relieve pain in the area of the operation. The goal of Postoperative Pain Management is to reduce pain, facilitate early mobilization, and reduce or eliminate any possible side effects. This process has a variety of modes, routes, and agents. Traditionally, opioids have been the mainstay of postoperative analgesia. However, a multimodal approach can reduce the risks of opioid side effects. The goal of managing postoperative pain is to make the postoperative period less traumatic for the patient. Chronic postoperative pain is not something to be taken lightly. If left untreated, it may cause more complications and take longer to heal. Postoperative Pain Management during this time is essential to speed up recovery. In addition, it will reduce the risk of complications. By carefully managing pain, the healthcare provider will be able to minimize the risk of complications. Some patients require very strong analgesia after surgery. The nursing staff is unable to provide the requisite analgesics to manage the pain. To meet this need, a patient-controlled analgesia is a solution. An intravenous pump will deliver a bolus dose of an analgesic to the patient on command. The patient-controlled pump can be started on the operating theatre or in the ward. Strong opiates are also used for neuropathic pain. Neural-based pain is often characterized by a shooting sensation that feels like an electrical shock. Surgical analgesics, like opioids, are also administered to reduce Postoperative Pain Management. Drugs are typically administered through spinal anesthesia or an epidural block, although intramuscular injections are not as common. Preoperative injections, such as intravenous ropivacaine 0.75%, are most often administered. Local infiltrations of ropivacaine 0.75% reduce pain. However, intraoperative opioids are preferred for major open thoracotomy. |
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